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1. Umuyoboro wo mu kirere dukunze kuvugais ahaninihafiumuyoboro uhumekaKurisisitemu yo guhumeka hagati. Kandini igice cyingenzi cya sisitemu yo guhumeka. Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko bune bwimiyoboro isanzwe:
1) Umuyoboro w'icyuma uhumeka; 2) Umuyoboro udasanzwe wa FRP; 3) Gukomatanya umuyaga wa fiberglass; 4)Umuyoboro wa fibre.
2.Ibintu by'ibanze biranga imiyoboro ine yo mu kirere.
Urupapuro rwicyumaumuyoboro wo mu kirere: umwe mu miyoboro ya mbere yakoreshejwe mu kirere, ikozweUrupapuro rwicyuma, rukwiranye nogutwara gaze muri rusange irimo ubuhehere buke, byoroshye kubora, nta kubungabunga ubushyuhe no kugabanya urusaku, hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gukora no kuyishyiraho.
Umuyoboro udasanzwe wa FRP: ubwoko bushya bwumuyaga mwinshi, bukozwe mubirahuri bya fibre bishimangira ibikoresho bidafite ingufu, ntibishobora gutwikwa mugihe habaye umuriro, birwanya ruswa, biremereye, bikomeye ariko byoroshye, byahinduwe byoroshye kandi byacitse nuburemere bwacyo, nta bushyuhe kubungabunga no kugabanya urusaku imikorere.Igihe cyo gukora no kwishyiriraho ni kirekire.
Umuyoboro woguhunika ibirahuri byumuyaga: ubwoko bwanyuma bwumuyaga mwuka mumyaka yashize, hamwe na centrifugal fibre fibre nkibikoresho fatizo, igitambaro cyikirahure imbere, hamwe na fayili ya aluminiyumu itagaragara hanze (ikibaho cyatumijwe mu mahanga gishyizwe hamwe na polimeri yumukara wirabura cyane imbere, kandi igice cyo hanze ni di umwenda / aluminium foil / impapuro zubukorikori), zahujwe kandi zumishwa hamwe nuduti twihariye twa fireproof, hanyuma bigakorwa mugukata, gutondeka, guhuza no gushimangira.inzira, kandi bihujwe kandi bifunzwe hamwe na kashe idasanzwe, kaseti-yunvikana,or kaseti itumva ubushyuhe. Ubunini bwambukiranya imiyoboro yumuyaga nubunini bwumuvuduko wumuyaga bigomba gukurikizwa ningamba zikwiye zo gushimangira. Ifite ibyiza byo kugabanya urusaku, kubungabunga ubushyuhe, kwirinda umuriro, kurwanya ubushuhe, kumeneka ikirere gito, ibikoresho byoroheje, kubaka byoroshye, kuzigama umwanya wo gushyiramo, ubuzima bwa serivisi ndende, ubukungu kandi bukoreshwa, nibindi.
Umuyoboro wo mu kirere wa fibre: uzwi kandi nk'imyenda yo mu mufuka w'igitambaro, umuyoboro w’umwuka w’imyenda, umuyoboro w’imyenda ya fibre, ikwirakwiza ikirere cya fibre, ni ubwoko bwanyuma bwumuyaga, kandi ni uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ikirere bworoshye bukozwe muri fibre idasanzwe (Air Dispersion) , ni uburyo bwo gutanga ikirere gisimbuza imiyoboro gakondo itanga ikirere, indege zo mu kirere, diffuzeri, ibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe, nibindi.
3. Kugereranya imikorere yimyanda ine
3.1 Imikorere yubushyuhe bwumuriro
Urupapuro rwicyuma umuyoboro wumwuka: ubushyuhe bwumuriro ni bunini cyane (60.4 W / m · K), kandi ntabwo bufite imikorere yubushyuhe bwumuriro, bityo hagomba kongerwamo urwego rwokwirinda hamwe nuburinzi. Biragoye kwemeza uburebure bwimyororokere kumurongo wumuyaga cyangwa ntihabeho gukingirwa, bizatera ikibazo cyikiraro gikonje, kandi ubwuzuzanye bwuburinganire bwurwego rwo hejuru kurukuta rwumuyoboro wikirere rimwe na rimwe biragoye kubyemeza kubera kwishyiriraho bidahagije.
Umuyoboro udasanzwe wa FRP: Ifite ubushyuhe bunini bwumuriro (0.5W / m · K), ntigikora imikorere yubushyuhe bwumuriro, kandi igomba kuba yongeyeho igipfundikizo cyikingira hamwe nuburinzi. Ibiranga urwego rwokwirinda ni kimwe nubwa gari ya moshi yamashanyarazi.
Ikirahuri cya fibre fibre yibikoresho byumuyaga: ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro (0.029W / m · K ku bushyuhe buringaniye bwa 24 ° C, 0.04W / m · K kuri 70 ° C), cyane cyane umwenda wa aluminiyumu wuzuye hanze ufite hejuru ubushobozi bwo kwerekana ubushyuhe. Kuberako urukuta rwumuyaga arirwo rwirinda, umuyoboro ufata urufatiro rwa mortise, T-shusho yimbere yimbere yimbere hamwe nigitereko cyicyuma (cyangwa guhuza flange yo hanze), kuburyo ibice byose byumuyaga wose byiziritse neza, nta kiraro gikonje phenomenon, kandi ifite imikorere myiza Imikorere yubushyuhe.
3.2 Imikorere yumuriro
Urupapuro rwicyumaumuyoboro wumwuka: udashobora gukongoka, ariko niba urwego rwokwirinda rushobora gutwikwa biterwa nibikoresho, kandi ibikoresho byo gutwika amashyanyarazi bidakongoka nkubwoya bwikirahure bwa centrifugal.
Umuyoboro udasanzwe wa FRP: kimwe nicyuma cyumuyaga wumuyaga.
Ikomatanyirizo ryibirahuri bya fibre yibikoresho byumwuka: koresha ikibaho cya fibre fibre idashobora gutwikwa nkibikoresho fatizo, koresha flame-retardant adhesive, hamwe nigitambaro cya aluminium foil hamwe nigitambara cya fibre fibre kumpande zombi yibikoresho fatizo, bityo umuyoboro wumwuka urangiye ni a ibikoresho bidashya, hamwe nibikorwa byiza byumuriro.
3.3 Igikorwa cyo kugabanya urusaku
Urupapuro rwicyuma umuyoboro w'ikirere: nta bikorwa byo kugabanya urusaku, amuffler hamwe no kwagura imyenda igomba gushyirwaho, namuffler hamwe no kwagura imyenda igomba kugera ku ngaruka zifuzwa, kandi umwanya wacyo wo gushiraho ufite ibisabwa bimwe na bimwe, bigoye kubigeraho mubuhanga nyabwo, bigatuma bigora kwemeza ingaruka nyayo yo kugabanya urusaku. Byongeye kandi, urusaku rwa kabiri rutangwa iyo umuvuduko wumuyaga ari mwinshi, uburebure bwuruhande rumwe ni runini kandi imbaraga ntizihagije, cyangwa ihujwe numuyaga mwinshi.
Ikirahuri kidafite ingufu cya fibre cyongerewe imbaraga zo mu kirere cya pulasitike: nta mikorere yo gutegera amajwi, imikorere yo gukingira amajwi iruta icyuma cyangiza ikirere.Ikindibigomba kuba bifite amuffler hamwe no kwagura imyenda, gusank'icyuma cyerekana ibyuma byumuyaga, bifata umwanya munini, kandi ingaruka zo kuvura urusaku ntabwo ari nziza.
Ikomatanyirizo ryibirahuri bya fibre yibikoresho byumuyaga: urukuta rwarwo ni ibintu byoroshye bikurura amajwi, bigira ingaruka nziza yo gukurura amajwi kumurongo wo hagati kandi mwinshi cyane. Nigituba cyizamuffler hamwe no kwagura imyenda, ishobora gukuraho urusaku rwibanze kanditwe urusaku rwa kabiri ruterwa numubiri wa valve, ibyuma bifata imiyoboro, nibindi bizarushaho gukora neza no kwagura umuyoboro, kandi bidasanzwemuffler hamwe no kwagura imyenda birashobora gusibwa.
3.4 Imikorere idafite ubuhehere
Urupapuro rwumuyaga rwumuyaga: rushobora kwangirika kwangirika kwangirika ningese, cyane cyane iyo utwara umwuka urimo ubuhehere bwinshi. Mugihe cyo gukora umuyoboro wumwuka, igipande cya galvanise mugihe cyo kuruma urupapuro rwicyuma cyangiritse, ntabwo rero byoroshye guhimba no gukora imiti igabanya ubukana. Ubucucike kandi buzabera ahantu ikiraro gikonje kibera kugirango cyonone umuyoboro, bityo kigire ingaruka mubuzima rusange muri rusange.
Umuyoboro udasanzwe wa FRP wumuyaga: ugabanijwe nigipimo cyibikoresho fatizo, imikorere yacyo itagira ubushyuhe ni mibi mumutekano.
Ikirahure cya fibre fibre ikibaho cyumuyaga: nta bikoresho byangirika nibice, hejuru yinyuma yumuyaga ni umwenda utagira ubushyuhe bwa aluminium foil, imyenda yacyo ni zeru, ariko ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, igipimo cyo kwinjiza amazi ya fibre yikirahure ikibaho ntabwo kirenze 2%; ryariumuyoboroni ahantu h'ubushuhe igihe kirekire, amajwi yacyo yiyongera hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro ntibizahinduka. Kubera ko ari ibintu byoroshye, birakenewe ko wirinda imbere mu muyoboro, umuyoboro urangira no gukata kutarohama mu mazi igihe kirekire.
3.5 Umwuka uva mu kirere
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa galvanised: Iyo uburebure bwuzuye bwumuyaga uri munsi ya 50m, igipimo cyo kumeneka ikirere kigera kuri 8% kugeza 10%. Iyo uburebure bwuzuye bwumuyaga bwiyongereye, umuvuduko wumwuka ugomba kwiyongera uko bikwiye. Iyo umuvuduko uhagaze imbere mu muyoboro ari 500Pa, imyuka ihumeka kuri buri gice cyumuyaga ni 6mᶟ/ h ·㎡.
Umuyoboro udasanzwe wa FRP: Iyo uburebure bwuzuye bwumuyaga urenze munsi ya 50m, igipimo cyo kumeneka ikirere kigera kuri 6% kugeza 8%. Iyo uburebure bwuzuye bwumuyaga bwiyongereye, umuvuduko wumwuka ugomba kwiyongera uko bikwiye.
Umuyoboro wa fiberglass wibikoresho byumuyaga: umuyoboro wumwuka uhujwe no gutondeka, gupfa, hamwe na kole, kandi ingingo ifunze hamwe na kaseti ya aluminium. Igipimo cyo kumeneka kwumuyaga wumuyaga udashyigikiwe ahaninizeru, kandi umuvuduko wo guhumeka ikirere cyumuyaga wongerewe imbaraga nturenze 1%. Igipimo cyo kumeneka ikirere ntikirenza 2%. Iyo umuvuduko uhagaze imbere mu muyoboro ari 500Pa, imyuka ihumeka kuri buri gice cyumuyoboro wumwuka uri munsi ya 1.8mᶟ/ h ·㎡.
3.6 Imbaraga
Urupapuro rwicyumaumuyoboro wo mu kirere: imbaraga nyinshi, umuvuduko ukomeye uhagazekurwanya, bigomba gushimangirwa ukurikije amabwiriza mugihe ingano yicyiciro ari nini.
Umuyoboro udasanzwe wa FRP: imbaraga nyinshi, ariko ugereranije biroroshye, kubera uburemere bwacyo, ntabwo byoroshye kubyitwaramo, kandi biroroshye kumeneka no kwangizwa no kugongana. Bitewe nuburemere bunini bwo kwifata, uburebure bwurukuta rwumuyoboro wumwuka bwiyongera byihuse mugihe uburebure bwuruhande rwindege ya horizontal ari nini, kandi uburemere bwurukuta rwumuyoboro kuri buri gice cyiyongera cyane, bikunda kwangirika burundu.
Guhindura neza no gutuza.
Ikomatanyirizo ry'ibirahuri bya fibre yibikoresho byumuyaga: Irashobora kuba yujuje ibisabwa byumuyaga rusange hamwe nubushuhe. Iyo umuvuduko wumuyaga ari 500Pa, guhindura urukuta rwumuyoboro ntibirenza 1%. Iyo uburebure bwurukuta ari 25mm, burashobora kwihanganira 800Pa yumuvuduko uhamye. Niba ikeneye kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa uburebure bwuruhande rwumuyaga urenze 630mm, irashobora gushimangirwa ukurikije umuvuduko wumuyaga nibisabwa, kandi umuvuduko mwinshi wumuyaga urashobora kwihanganira 1500Pa.
3.7 Uburemere
Urupapuro rwicyumaumuyoboro w'ikirere: ubwinshi bwinshi ni 7870kg / mᶟ, uburemere kuri buri gice ni 10kg / ㎡～16kg /㎡.
Umuyoboro udasanzwe wa FRP: ubwinshi bwa 2100kg / mᶟ, n'uburemere kuri buri gice ni 11kg / ㎡～23kg /㎡.
Umuyoboro woguhunika ibirahuri bya fibre: Umuvuduko mwinshi ni 64kg / mᶟ, naho uburemere kuri buri gice ni 2.8 kg / ㎡(uburebure bwurukuta δ = 25mm, harimo uburemere bwikimenyetso cyo guhagarika 1.5kg).
3.8 Kurwanya ubuvanganzo
Urukuta rw'imbere rw'ikirahuri cya fibre fibre ikomatanya ni umwenda w'ikirahure, naho ububobere bwo hejuru ni 0.2mm, bunini cyane ugereranije n'agaciro gapimwe k'urupapuro rw'icyuma. Ukurikije ko umuvuduko wumuyaga mu muyoboro uri munsi ya 15m / s, ukurwanya kwayo mu nzira ni kimwe n’umuyoboro w’icyuma wa galvanis. Ugereranije no kutarenza 7% (harimo nuburwanya bwiyongereyeho imirongo ikomezwa mumiyoboro yumuyaga), imyigaragambyo munzira rusange mumashanyarazi rusange yumuyaga uhumeka ihwanye na 10% byokwirwanya kwabaturage (mubyukuri ni kimwe na kurwanya kwabaturage kwicyuma cyumuyaga wumuyaga), bityo kwiyongera kwumuyaga wumuyaga wibirahure ugereranije nuUrupapuro rwicyuma umuyoboro uri munsi ya 1%, kandi ingaruka kuri sisitemu yose ntabwo igaragara kandi irashobora kwirengagizwa. Kurwanya ubukana bwumuyaga wumuyaga wa FRP udasanzwe uruta uw'umuyoboro w’icyuma wa galvanis, kandi wegereye uw'umuyoboro w’ibirahure bya fibre fibre.
3.9 Gukingira fibre ubushobozi bwikirahure cya fibre
Urukuta rw'imbere rw'umuyoboro wo mu kirere rugizwe n'imyenda y'ibirahure, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukingira ikwirakwizwa rya fibre. Ukurikije umuvuduko wumuyaga mumuyoboro wa 15m / s, fibre kurukuta rwimbere rwumuyoboro wikirere ntizagwa, ibyo bikaba byujuje byimazeyo amahame yisuku yigihugu kandi bigatuma ikirere cyimbere mubidukikije ndetse nibidukikije.
3.10 Ubuzima bwa serivisi
Urupapuro rwicyuma umuyoboro wumwuka: Kurwanya ubuhehere buke, bigabanya ubuzima rusange bwumuyaga, kandi ubuzima bwabwo ni imyaka 5 kugeza 10.
Umuyoboro w’ikirere wa FRP udasanzwe: uremereye, utoroshye kuwutwara, kandi woroshye, ushobora kwibasirwa n’imvune n’ibyangiritse biterwa no kugongana, kandi bikunda guhindagurika guhoraho no gutura, byatewe n’imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije yumye, ubushuhe, ubushyuhe bwinshi, nubushyuhe buke;; biroroshye kubiteraits ibikoresho biroroshye cyane, byacitse, kandi birashishwa. Niba igipimo cyibikoresho fatizo kitujuje ubuziranenge, ibintu bizaba bikomeye, bityo bikagabanya ubuzima rusange bwumuyoboro wikirere, ubusanzwe imyaka 5 kugeza 10.
Gukomatanya ibirahuri bya fibre yibikoresho byumuyaga: uburemere bworoshye, kurwanya ruswa, kurwanya gusaza, byoroshye gusenya, gusana no guhindura imiyoboro, kandi ubuzima bwa serivisi burashobora kumara imyaka 10 kugeza 30.
1. Kubaka no gushiraho imiyoboro yumuyaga
Umuyoboro wogukwirakwiza ibyuma byumuyaga: umuyoboro uremereye, igihe cyo gukora no kwishyiriraho ni kirekire, kandi guhindura ingano yicyerekezo nicyerekezo kinini. Igice cyo kubika cyashyizwe kurubuga nyuma yumuyoboro wumwuka umaze gushyirwaho, inzira iragoye, kandi umubyimba wimyororokere kumurongo wumuyaga ntiworoshye kubyemeza cyangwa ntanumwe uhari. Hagomba kubaho umwanya uhagije wo kwishyiriraho no gukora urwego rwimyororokere ikikije umuyoboro wumwuka, bitabaye ibyo uburinganire bwikwirakwizwa rya insulasiyo bizagorana kubyemeza bitewe nubushakashatsi budahagije, kandi isura ntizaba nziza. Ongeraho amuffler hamwe no kwagura imyenda bisaba umwanya munini, kandi byongera ingorane numurimo wo kwishyiriraho.
Umuyoboro udasanzwe wa FRP: Umuyoboro ni munini, ntabwo byoroshye kuwutwara, kandi ufite imbaraga nyinshi, ariko biroroshye cyane, kandi byoroshye gucika no kwangizwa no kugongana. Igihe cyo gukora no kwishyiriraho ni kirekire, kandi guhindura ingano yicyerekezo nicyerekezo bisaba akazi kandi bitwara igihe. Mu rwego rwo kugabanya urusaku no kubungabunga ubushyuhe, ni kimwe n’urupapuro rwuma.
Gukomatanya ikirahuri cya fibre ikibaho cyumuyaga: umuyoboro uroroshye, kandi umuvuduko wo kwishyiriraho urihuta. Kuberako umuyoboro hamwe nuburyo bwo kubika ibintu byahujwe, inzira yo kwishyiriraho irashobora kurangizwa icyarimwe, bikaba byoroshye kubijyanye no kwishyiriraho ukurikije imiterere yikibanza cyangwa igishushanyo mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho, bitagize ingaruka kubindi bikorwa. Ugereranije nibindi bikoresho, irashobora kubika umwanya ukoreramo urwego rwimikorere, kandi irashobora kuzigama igisenge cya 150mm ~ 200mm. Ifite isura nziza kandi irakwiriye no kwishyiriraho ubuso. Irashobora kandi gushushanya irangi ryamabara, kugirango igere kubwumvikane nibidukikije. Ariko kubera ko ari ibintu bidakomeye, bigomba gukemurwa neza kugirango birinde kwangirika kwabantu.
5.Isesengura ryisoko ryimyuka itandukanye
Urupapuro rwicyuma umuyoboro wo mu kirere: Nibicuruzwa gakondo bifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha. Ibyiza nibibi bimaze gusobanuka no kumenyekana nabenshi mubakoresha.
Umuyoboro udasanzwe wa FRP: Nibicuruzwa bishya. Kubera ibyiza byayo byo gukumira umuriro, kurwanya ruswa no kwigunga urusaku, yigeze gufata igice kirenga kimwe cya kabiri cyisoko ryumuyaga. Bimwe mubitagenda neza mu nganda byarasobanutse, kandi umugabane w isoko ryimiyoboro ya FRP idakoreshwa wagabanutse buhoro buhoro.
Umuyoboro wa fiberglass wumuyaga: Nibicuruzwa bishya mumyaka yashize, kubera ko bifite impinduka nini kubicuruzwa byabanjirije, uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana, byahindutse bivuye mubujiji bwabantu, gushidikanya, no gutegereza-kubona-kumenya kugeza ubu, kwemeza no kumenyekana. Kuzamurwa mu ntera nini no kuyikoresha byakoreshejwe cyane mu mijyi minini nka Beijing na Shanghai. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe kandi ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye, ikibaho cya fiberglass kirashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkumurongo wizindi miyoboro kugirango ikore ubushyuhe bwangiza kandi ikurura urusaku rwicyuma cyumuyaga cyumuyaga cyangwa fibre yikirahure idafite ingufu zishimangira imiyoboro yumuyaga wa plastiki.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-13-2023